BREAKTHROUGHS IN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

The first breakthrough in using an analytical technique for travel forecasting came in 1955 with the publication of a paper entitled "A General Theory of traffic Movement" by Alan M. Voorhees (1956). Voorhees advanced the gravity model as the means to link land use with urban traffic flows. Research had been proceeding for a number of years on a gravity theory for human interaction.
※traffic movement: 交通流（本来はtraffic flow）

BREAKTHROUGHS IN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
分析技術の躍進

The first breakthrough in using an analytical technique for travel forecasting came in 1955 with the publication of a paper entitled "A General Theory of traffic Movement" by Alan M. Voorhees (1956).
①1955年、アラン・M・ヴォーヒーズの論文「交通流の一般理論」（1956年刊）によって、交通需要予測手法における最初の画期的な成果（ブレークスルー）がもたらされた。※The first breakthrough： S、came：Ⅴ

Voorhees advanced the gravity model as the means to link land use with urban traffic flows.
②ボールヒーズ(ヴォールヒーズ)は、土地利用と都市交通流を結びつける手法として、重力モデルを発展させた。

Research had been proceeding for a number of years on a gravity theory for human interaction.
③人々の相互作用を説明するための重力理論に関する研究は、数年間にわたって進められていた。

Previously, the gravity analogy had been applied by sociologists and geographers to explain population movements. Voorhees used origin-destination survey data with driving time as the measure of spatial separation, and he estimated the exponents for a three-trip purpose gravity model. Others conducting similar studies soon corroborated these results (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1963a).

Previously, the gravity analogy had been applied by sociologists and geographers to explain population movements.
④以前は、重力類推法(アナロジー)は、人口移動の説明のために、社会学者や地理学者によって用いられていた。

Voorhees used origin-destination survey data with driving time as the measure of spatial separation, and he estimated the exponents for a three-trip purpose gravity model.
⑤ボールヒーズは、運転時間を距離尺度とするOD(発着地)調査のデータを用いて、3つのトリップ目的の重力モデルの指数を推定した。

Others conducting similar studies soon corroborated these results (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1963a).
⑥同様な研究をしていた他の研究者たちは、ほどなくしてこれらの結果を裏付けた(U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1963a)。