All of these studies were transportation planning on a new scale. They were region-wide, multidisciplinary undertakings involving large full-time staffs. Urban transportation studies were carried out by ad hoc organizations with separate policy committees.

All of these studies were transportation planning on a new scale.
②これらすべての調査は、新しい基準での交通計画であった。

They were region-wide, multidisciplinary undertakings involving large full-time staffs.
③これらは、多くの常勤技術者を巻き込んだ広域の学際的な事業であった。

Urban transportation studies were carried out by ad hoc organizations with separate policy committees.
④都市交通調査は、異なる政策の委員会と共に特別組織によって行われた。

They were not directly connected to any unit of government. Generally, these urban transportation studies were established for a limited time period, with the objective of producing a plan and reporting on it. Such undertakings would have been impossible before the availability of computers (Creighton, 1970).

They were not directly connected to any unit of government.
⑤これらは、政府のどの部門とも直接なつながりはなかった。

Generally, these urban transportation studies were established for a limited time period, with the objective of producing a plan and reporting on it.
⑥一般的に、これらの都市交通調査は、計画の樹立と報告の期限を設けた。

Such undertakings would have been impossible before the availability of computers (Creighton, 1970).
⑦このような事業は、以前のコンピュータの能力では不可能であった(Creighton, 1970)。